Sitting in the shade of Hikone Castle in Shiga Prefecture, Genkyuen and Rakurakuen Gardens offer a beautiful example of Edo-period aesthetics garden design.
These historic gardens are prime examples of kaiyushiki teien—traditional stroll-style gardens—built to delight feudal lords and their guests with curated views, symbolic landscapes, and seasonal beauty. With their serene central pond, miniature islands, and “borrowed scenery” of distant mountains, Genkyuen and Rakurakuen continue to reflect a refined blend of artistry, philosophy, and historical prestige.
A Brief History of Genkyūen and Rakurakuen Gardens
- Genkyuen constructed in 1677 by Ii Naooki (1656–1717) as part of his residence, then known as Keyaki Goten (Zelkova Palace)
- Designed in the kaiyushiki or "strolling garden" style popular among Edo-period daimyo
- Features symbolic elements derived from Chinese legends and Taoist mythology
- Rakurakuen added in the early 1800s by Ii Naoaki (1794–1850) as a separate yet connected garden
- Major restoration project began in 1997, based on an 1812 garden painting preserved from the Edo period
Originally created to entertain and impress visiting dignitaries, Genkyuen was meant to be admired both from within a teahouse or palace window and by leisurely walking around the garden paths. Central to its design is the main pond, whose islands, bridges, and trees symbolize classical Chinese motifs, including the mythical Island of the Immortals (Horai). This blending of nature, legend, and symbolism showcased the cultural sophistication of the ruling class.
Symbolism and Chinese Influence
Japanese gardens during the Edo period frequently paid homage to Chinese culture, a tradition inherited from the Heian period. Genkyuen is no exception—its layout, motifs, and names draw deeply from classical Chinese thought:
- Horai Island: Represents the Taoist paradise inhabited by immortals
- Borrowed Scenery (Shakkei): The garden incorporates Mount Sawa and even Hikone Castle as background elements
- Pond-Centered Design: Evokes the natural flow of rivers and lakes found in Chinese painting and literature
- Miniature Landscapes: Trees, rocks, and water features mirror grand natural features in idealized form
The annexed Rakurakuen garden, added later, was designed to offer both intimate pond-side views and expansive mountain vistas, the name itself ("Enjoy-Enjoy Garden") doubles the Chinese character for joy, symbolizing multiple layers of delight.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is the garden wheelchair accessible?
Not particularly. Parts of the garden include gravel paths, steps, and bridges, which may be difficult for some visitors with mobility concerns. Flat areas are accessible, but full access may be limited.
When is the best time to visit?
Spring and autumn are ideal for cherry blossoms and maple leaves.
Are English-language guides or tours available?
Yes! We at Snow Monkey Resorts are proud to include a stop to the gardens and a matcha tasting experience in the garden's tea house as part of our 1-Day Tour from Nagoya: Castles and Canals in Hikone and Omi Hachiman.
Recommended Tour: Snow Monkey Resort's 1-Day Tour from Nagoya: Castles and Canals in Hikone and Omi Hachiman will take you to two castle towns, Hikone, with one of the oldest castles in Japan, and Omi Hachiman, known for its charming canals. Taste Matcha, relax in peaceful gardens, and soak in the scenery as you are led by your experienced, English-speaking guide through this picturesque region of Japan.
