Located on the northeastern shores of Lake Biwa, Nagahama is one of Shiga Prefecture's most charming and historically significant destinations. While many travelers pass through on their way to Chikubu Island, those who take the time to explore discover a city rich in history, local culture, traditional architecture, and lakeside scenery.
Founded as a castle town by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the 16th century, Nagahama played an important role in Japan's feudal era and retains much of its historic character today. Visitors can stroll through preserved merchant districts, browse local shops and cafes, sample regional specialties, and enjoy easy access to some of Lake Biwa's most famous attractions.
Where is Nagahama?
Nagahama is located in northern Shiga Prefecture on the northeastern shore of Lake Biwa, Japan's largest freshwater lake. The city sits approximately 75 kilometers northeast of Kyoto and is easily accessible by train from Kyoto, Osaka, Nagoya, and other major cities throughout central Japan.
For many travelers, Nagahama serves as the primary gateway to Chikubu Island, one of Lake Biwa's most sacred destinations. Ferries depart regularly from Nagahama Port, making the city a popular starting point for visitors exploring the island's historic temples and shrines.
Thanks to its convenient location, Nagahama can easily be visited as a day trip from Kyoto or Osaka, though many visitors find the city's relaxed atmosphere worth a longer stay.
Discovering Nagahama
A Castle Town Built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Nagahama's history is closely tied to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of the most influential figures in Japanese history. In 1573, after the fall of Odani Castle and the defeat of the Azai clan, Oda Nobunaga awarded the area to his rising general, Hideyoshi.
Hideyoshi established Nagahama Castle along the shores of Lake Biwa and developed the surrounding castle town into an important political and commercial center. In fact, the name "Nagahama" itself is believed to have been chosen by Hideyoshi, replacing the area's former name of Imahama.
Although the original castle no longer survives, Hideyoshi's influence can still be felt throughout the city. The street layout, merchant traditions, and long history of commerce all trace their roots to the castle town he established more than four centuries ago.
Kurokabe Square and the Old Merchant District
Today, Nagahama's most popular sightseeing area is Kurokabe Square, a district of preserved merchant buildings, cafes, restaurants, museums, and specialty shops centered around the historic Kurokabe Glass Shop.
Originally constructed as a bank in 1900, the striking black-plastered building became the symbol of the district's revitalization during the late twentieth century. Today, visitors can browse glass workshops, watch artisans at work, shop for handmade souvenirs, and enjoy the atmosphere of one of northern Shiga's most attractive historic neighborhoods.
The surrounding streets retain much of their traditional character, making them ideal for leisurely exploration on foot.
Gateway to Chikubu Island
For many visitors, Nagahama is best known as the departure point for ferries to Chikubu Island (Chikubushima), one of the most sacred locations on Lake Biwa.
Located approximately six kilometers offshore, the island is home to Hōgon-ji Temple and Tsukubusuma Shrine and has attracted pilgrims, emperors, monks, and samurai for more than 1,300 years.
The ferry journey itself offers beautiful views across Lake Biwa, making Nagahama an essential part of any visit to Chikubushima.
Festivals, Food and Local Culture
Nagahama is also known for its vibrant local culture and culinary traditions.
Each spring, the city hosts the Nagahama Hikiyama Festival, one of Japan's most celebrated float festivals and a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage event. Dating back more than 400 years, the festival features elaborate wooden floats, traditional performances, and a strong sense of community pride.
Food lovers will find plenty to enjoy as well. Local specialties include yakisaba somen, a unique dish combining grilled mackerel with noodles, as well as Omi Beef, one of Japan's oldest and most respected wagyu brands. The city also offers regional sweets, local sake, and a variety of dishes that reflect its long connection to Lake Biwa.
A Relaxed Alternative to Kyoto
While Kyoto's famous temples and historic districts attract millions of visitors each year, Nagahama offers a quieter and more relaxed experience.
Here, visitors can enjoy historic streets, lakeside views, local shops, and cultural attractions without the crowds often associated with Japan's larger tourist destinations. The city's slower pace makes it an appealing destination for travelers looking to experience a different side of the Kansai region.
Join Our Chikubu Island & Hikone Castle Tour
Looking for the easiest way to experience Nagahama and Chikubu Island?
Our 1-Day Tour from Kyoto: Lake Biwa Cruise, Chikubu Island & Hikone Samurai Castle includes round-trip transportation, ferry tickets, admission fees, and an English-speaking guide. Travel across Lake Biwa to explore the sacred island of Chikubushima, enjoy free time in Nagahama's historic Kurokabe Square district, and visit Hikone Castle, one of Japan's few remaining original castles.
It's the perfect way to experience the history, culture, and natural beauty of northern Lake Biwa in a single day.
Planning Your Visit
Nagahama is easily reached by train from Kyoto, Osaka, and Nagoya.
From Kyoto, the journey typically takes around 45 to 60 minutes via the Tokaido Shinkansen to Maibara followed by a short local train connection. Direct local services are also available, though travel times are longer.
The city can be enjoyed throughout the year. Spring brings cherry blossoms and the famous Hikiyama Festival, while autumn offers pleasant temperatures and colorful foliage around Lake Biwa. Summer provides opportunities to enjoy the lakeshore, and winter often brings dramatic scenery and occasional snowfall.
Most visitors spend between half a day and a full day exploring Nagahama, though longer visits allow time to enjoy nearby attractions throughout northern Lake Biwa.
Plan your Kyoto Trip with us!
Start with our 7-Day Kansai Japan Highlights Itinerary, which combines Kyoto, Osaka, and Nara into a balanced first visit. For more ideas, check out page, Stay in Kyoto or Osaka? A Traveller's Guide to Choosing Your Base.
Looking to explore more deeply? Our Best Tours in Kyoto and Best Tours in Osaka highlight unique cultural experiences that go beyond the usual sights. For themed travel, you can also explore our Essential Guide to Geisha in Kyoto, Cherry Blossoms in Osaka, or discover local brewing traditions in our Top 10 Sake Breweries to Visit in Kansai.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Nagahama worth visiting?
Yes. Nagahama offers a combination of history, culture, local food, lakeside scenery, and access to Chikubu Island, making it one of the most rewarding destinations around Lake Biwa.
What is Nagahama famous for?
Nagahama is best known for Kurokabe Square, Chikubu Island ferries, the Nagahama Hikiyama Festival, and its historical connection to Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
How long should I spend in Nagahama?
Most visitors spend between half a day and a full day exploring the city.
Can you visit Nagahama as a day trip from Kyoto?
Yes. Nagahama is easily accessible from Kyoto and makes an excellent day-trip destination.
Is Nagahama a good base for exploring Lake Biwa?
Yes. Nagahama provides easy access to Chikubu Island, northern Lake Biwa, Hikone, and other attractions throughout Shiga Prefecture.